Data dictionary

{
  "id": "alzheimers-disease",
  "kind": "cancer",
  "name": "Alzheimer’s disease",
  "tldr": "Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disease that commonly causes dementia. Early-stage anti-amyloid medicines exist for a carefully selected group, and several ol...",
  "summary": "Alzheimer’s disease is defined pathologically by amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Clinically it often begins with memory of recent events, then spreads to la...",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "FDA: Leqembi traditional approval",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"
    },
    {
      "label": "FDA: Kisunla approval",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/news-events-human-drugs/fda-approves-treatment-adults-alzheimers-disease"
    },
    {
      "label": "NICE NG97",
      "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "related": [
    "mild-cognitive-impairment",
    "mixed-dementia",
    "da-roadmap-anti-amyloid"
  ],
  "sections": [
    "da-front-anti-amyloid",
    "da-front-anti-tau",
    "da-front-imaging"
  ],
  "technologies": [
    "da-tech-anti-amyloid-mab",
    "da-tech-amyloid-pet",
    "da-tech-csf-biomarkers"
  ],
  "targets": [
    "da-target-amyloid-beta",
    "da-target-tau",
    "da-target-ache"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-lecanemab",
    "da-donanemab",
    "da-donepezil"
  ],
  "companies": [
    "da-eisai",
    "da-biogen",
    "da-lilly"
  ],
  "institutions": [
    "da-nia",
    "da-ucl-dementia"
  ],
  "pathways": [
    "da-pathway-amyloid-tau"
  ],
  "terms": [
    "da-term-aria",
    "da-term-amyloid-pet"
  ],
  "trials": [
    "da-trial-clarity-ad",
    "da-trial-trailblazer-alz2",
    "da-trial-engage"
  ],
  "people": [
    "alois-alzheimer"
  ],
  "bottlenecks": [
    "da-bn-late-diagnosis",
    "da-bn-trial-exclusion",
    "da-bn-subtype-misclassification"
  ],
  "group": "dementia",
  "burden": "Alzheimer’s disease is the dementia type this atlas covers in the most depth, including early-stage anti-amyloid medicines and several symptom treatments.",
  "subtypes": [
    "Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease",
    "Mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease",
    "Moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type"
  ],
  "biomarkers": [
    "Amyloid PET",
    "CSF amyloid and tau",
    "Plasma amyloid and p-tau research assays"
  ],
  "standardOfCare": [
    {
      "setting": "Assessment",
      "approach": "Clinical diagnosis first. Confirm amyloid pathology before starting an anti-amyloid antibody. Discuss bleeding risk, MRI access, infusion logistics, and ApoE...",
      "refs": [
        "da-tech-amyloid-pet",
        "da-tech-csf-biomarkers",
        "da-lecanemab"
      ],
      "guideline": {
        "version": "NICE NG97; FDA labels",
        "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"
      }
    },
    {
      "setting": "Early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease with confirmed amyloid",
      "approach": "Where licensed and accessible, lecanemab or donanemab may be considered with MRI monitoring. These are not cures and do not restore lost function.",
      "refs": [
        "da-lecanemab",
        "da-donanemab",
        "da-trial-clarity-ad"
      ],
      "guideline": {
        "version": "NICE NG97; see FDA labels on the product pages",
        "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"
      }
    },
    {
      "setting": "Cognitive symptoms across stages",
      "approach": "Donepezil, rivastigmine, or galantamine, and memantine in moderate to severe disease, as individually indicated. These are symptom treatments.",
      "refs": [
        "da-donepezil",
        "da-rivastigmine",
        "da-galantamine"
      ],
      "guideline": {
        "version": "NICE NG97",
        "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"
      }
    }
  ],
  "stateOfArt": [
    "Two amyloid-lowering antibodies have traditional or full US approval for early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease after amyloid confirmation.",
    "ARIA (imaging swelling or bleeding) is a boxed risk and needs a monitoring plan before the first infusion.",
    "Most people living with Alzheimer’s disease are not candidates for these antibodies because of stage, comorbidities, imaging, or access."
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1984,
      "title": "Amyloid described as a core plaque protein",
      "note": "The amyloid cascade became a dominant research frame.",
      "refs": [
        "da-target-amyloid-beta",
        "da-pathway-amyloid-tau"
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1993,
      "title": "Tacrine, then safer cholinesterase inhibitors",
      "note": "Symptom treatments entered routine use.",
      "refs": [
        "da-donepezil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "title": "Aducanumab accelerated approval",
      "note": "Later withdrawn. Included here so a past approval is not mistaken for a current option.",
      "refs": [
        "da-aducanumab",
        "da-trial-engage"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "pipeline": [
    "da-remternetug",
    "da-tech-tau-therapeutics",
    "da-idea-blood-first-triage"
  ],
  "openProblems": [
    "Who benefits enough to justify ARIA risk, infusion burden, and cost remains an individual clinical judgement.",
    "People with mixed or atypical presentations are under-represented in antibody trials.",
    "There is still no approved disease-modifying treatment once dementia is moderate or severe."
  ],
  "basics": {
    "symptoms": [
      "Recent-memory difficulty is common early. Language, wayfinding, and judgement may follow.",
      "Sudden new weakness, speech loss, or fluctuating alertness is not typical Alzheimer’s disease and needs urgent care."
    ],
    "diagnosis": [
      "A specialist may combine history, cognitive tests, MRI, and amyloid confirmation when an antibody is being considered.",
      "ApoE ε4 status changes the ARIA-risk conversation. It is not a diagnosis on its own."
    ],
    "staging": [
      "Antibody labels speak to mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. Symptom medicines cover a wider range."
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "label": "FDA Leqembi",
        "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"
      },
      {
        "label": "NIA",
        "url": "https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia"
      }
    ]
  },
  "parent": "dementia"
}

{
  "id": "da-front-symptomatic-care",
  "kind": "section",
  "name": "Symptomatic care",
  "tldr": "Medicines and non-drug support aimed at symptoms, not at reversing the disease.",
  "summary": "Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine can help some people. Communication, routine, pain, sleep, and carer support often move quality of life more than a p...",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "NICE NG97",
      "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "related": [
    "da-tech-cholinesterase-inhibitors"
  ],
  "order": 4
}

{
  "id": "da-tech-cholinesterase-inhibitors",
  "kind": "technology",
  "name": "Cholinesterase inhibitors",
  "tldr": "These older medicines can support cognitive symptoms for some people. They are not disease-modifying.",
  "summary": "Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine are the core examples. Gastrointestinal effects and slow heart rate need review.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "NICE NG97",
      "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "sections": [
    "da-front-symptomatic-care"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-donepezil",
    "da-rivastigmine",
    "da-galantamine"
  ],
  "principle": "Increase acetylcholine signalling at synapses."
}

{
  "id": "da-target-ache",
  "kind": "target",
  "name": "Acetylcholinesterase",
  "tldr": "Blocking this enzyme is how donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine try to support signalling.",
  "summary": "The approach is symptomatic. It does not clear plaques or tangles.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "NICE NG97",
      "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-donepezil",
    "da-rivastigmine",
    "da-galantamine"
  ],
  "symbol": "ACHE",
  "biology": "Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.",
  "targetClass": "enzyme"
}

{
  "id": "da-lecanemab",
  "kind": "drug",
  "name": "Lecanemab",
  "tldr": "Lecanemab is an infused antibody for early Alzheimer’s disease after amyloid is confirmed. It can cause brain swelling or bleeding on MRI and is not a cure.",
  "summary": "US labeling supports starting in mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia of the Alzheimer’s type after amyloid confirmation. Infusions are typically every...",
  "status": "approved",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "FDA traditional approval",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "alzheimers-disease",
    "mild-cognitive-impairment"
  ],
  "targets": [
    "da-target-amyloid-beta"
  ],
  "companies": [
    "da-eisai",
    "da-biogen"
  ],
  "terms": [
    "da-term-aria"
  ],
  "trials": [
    "da-trial-clarity-ad"
  ],
  "brand": "Leqembi",
  "code": "BAN2401",
  "modality": "mAb",
  "mechanism": "Amyloid-beta–directed antibody that reduces plaques.",
  "approvals": [
    {
      "region": "US",
      "year": 2023,
      "indication": "Early Alzheimer’s disease with confirmed amyloid"
    },
    {
      "region": "JP",
      "year": 2023,
      "indication": "Early Alzheimer’s disease"
    },
    {
      "region": "CN",
      "year": 2024,
      "indication": "Early Alzheimer’s disease"
    }
  ],
  "access": [
    {
      "country": "US",
      "reimbursement": "Coverage depends on plan, registry, and site capability",
      "source": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval",
      "asOf": "2026-09-21"
    },
    {
      "country": "UK",
      "reimbursement": "A licence is not the same as NHS commissioning",
      "source": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97",
      "asOf": "2026-09-21"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "id": "da-lilly",
  "kind": "company",
  "name": "Eli Lilly",
  "tldr": "Lilly developed donanemab and is running further amyloid-antibody studies.",
  "summary": "Donanemab and remternetug sit on this company’s node so pipeline and approved products stay distinct.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "Lilly",
      "url": "https://www.lilly.com/"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-donanemab",
    "da-remternetug"
  ],
  "trials": [
    "da-trial-trailblazer-alz2",
    "da-trial-expedition3"
  ],
  "hq": "Indianapolis",
  "country": "US",
  "companyType": "pharma",
  "website": "https://www.lilly.com/"
}

{
  "id": "da-nia",
  "kind": "institution",
  "name": "National Institute on Aging",
  "tldr": "The US National Institute on Aging publishes public pages on Alzheimer’s disease, MCI, and caregiving.",
  "summary": "Used throughout this atlas as a public education source. It is not a clinic appointment service.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "NIA",
      "url": "https://www.nia.nih.gov/"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "city": "Bethesda",
  "country": "US",
  "lat": 39.002,
  "lng": -77.104,
  "institutionType": "government",
  "website": "https://www.nia.nih.gov/"
}

{
  "id": "da-pathway-amyloid-tau",
  "kind": "pathway",
  "name": "Amyloid and tau cascade (simplified)",
  "tldr": "A simplified drawing of how amyloid and tau are often described in Alzheimer’s disease. Real brains are messier, and mixed pathology is common.",
  "summary": "The cascade is a research frame: amyloid accumulation, then tau spread, then synaptic failure. Antibodies act on amyloid. Tau drugs are mostly still in trial...",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "NIA",
      "url": "https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "alzheimers-disease"
  ],
  "analogy": "Think of amyloid as clutter that builds up first, and tau as the wiring that fails later. The drawing is a teaching sketch, not a complete biology textbook.",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "ab",
      "label": "Amyloid-beta",
      "x": 20,
      "y": 40,
      "targetId": "da-target-amyloid-beta"
    },
    {
      "id": "plaque",
      "label": "Plaques",
      "x": 50,
      "y": 40
    },
    {
      "id": "tau",
      "label": "Tau",
      "x": 50,
      "y": 70,
      "targetId": "da-target-tau"
    }
  ],
  "edges": [
    {
      "from": "ab",
      "to": "plaque",
      "type": "activates"
    },
    {
      "from": "plaque",
      "to": "tau",
      "type": "activates"
    },
    {
      "from": "tau",
      "to": "sym",
      "type": "activates"
    }
  ],
  "interventions": [
    "Anti-amyloid antibodies act at plaques.",
    "Cholinesterase inhibitors act later, on signalling, not on this cascade."
  ]
}

{
  "id": "da-term-aria",
  "kind": "term",
  "name": "ARIA",
  "aka": [
    "amyloid-related imaging abnormalities"
  ],
  "tldr": "ARIA is swelling or bleeding seen on MRI in people receiving amyloid antibodies. It can be silent or, less often, symptomatic.",
  "summary": "ARIA-E is oedema. ARIA-H is haemorrhage. Risk is higher in ApoE ε4 carriers. Monitoring schedules live on the product label, not on this glossary card.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "FDA Leqembi",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-lecanemab",
    "da-donanemab"
  ],
  "category": "Side effects"
}

{
  "id": "da-trial-clarity-ad",
  "kind": "trial",
  "name": "CLARITY AD",
  "tldr": "CLARITY AD tested lecanemab in early Alzheimer’s disease. It is the main efficacy trial behind the US traditional approval.",
  "summary": "A randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 study in early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease with confirmed amyloid. Primary clinical scale results favoured lecan...",
  "status": "completed",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03887455",
      "url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03887455"
    },
    {
      "label": "FDA traditional approval",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "alzheimers-disease"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-lecanemab"
  ],
  "companies": [
    "da-eisai",
    "da-biogen"
  ],
  "nct": "NCT03887455",
  "phase": "3",
  "setting": "Early Alzheimer’s disease",
  "sponsor": "Eisai",
  "result": "The trial met its primary clinical endpoint versus placebo. ARIA was the principal safety theme. See the FDA approval communication for the regulator’s reading.",
  "yearReported": 2023,
  "enrolled": 1795,
  "outcomes": [
    {
      "endpoint": "Clinical scale change (primary)",
      "primary": true,
      "unit": "points",
      "arms": [
        {
          "name": "Lecanemab",
          "note": "Favoured versus placebo on the primary scale"
        },
        {
          "name": "Placebo"
        }
      ],
      "source": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03887455"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "id": "da-pair-lecanemab-mri",
  "kind": "pairing",
  "name": "Lecanemab with MRI monitoring",
  "tldr": "Amyloid antibodies are used with scheduled MRI checks for ARIA, not as a standalone infusion without imaging follow-up.",
  "summary": "This pairing is a teaching node: the medicine and the scan belong together. It is not a local protocol.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "FDA Leqembi",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "alzheimers-disease"
  ],
  "technologies": [
    "da-tech-mri"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-lecanemab"
  ],
  "terms": [
    "da-term-aria"
  ],
  "a": "da-lecanemab",
  "b": "da-tech-mri",
  "rationale": "ARIA monitoring on MRI is part of using an amyloid antibody, not an optional extra.",
  "evidence": "The US lecanemab label requires MRI monitoring for ARIA. See the FDA approval communication.",
  "pairingType": "diagnostic-therapeutic"
}

{
  "id": "da-roadmap-anti-amyloid",
  "kind": "roadmap",
  "name": "Anti-amyloid medicines",
  "tldr": "From failed or withdrawn antibodies to two US-approved early-stage products, with access and ARIA still open.",
  "summary": "This roadmap is a teaching timeline for the Alzheimer’s antibody story on this atlas. It is not a prediction that more antibodies will help more stages.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "FDA Leqembi",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "alzheimers-disease"
  ],
  "steps": [
    {
      "era": "2016-2019",
      "title": "Large antibody failures",
      "description": "EXPEDITION 3 and ENGAGE show that amyloid lowering is not automatically clinical benefit.",
      "refs": [
        "da-trial-expedition3",
        "da-trial-engage"
      ],
      "status": "historic"
    },
    {
      "era": "2021-2024",
      "title": "Approvals and a withdrawal",
      "description": "Aducanumab is authorised then withdrawn. Lecanemab and donanemab reach US labels for early disease.",
      "refs": [
        "da-aducanumab",
        "da-lecanemab",
        "da-donanemab"
      ],
      "status": "current"
    },
    {
      "era": "2025-",
      "title": "Access, mixed disease, next targets",
      "description": "Who is treated, who is monitored, and whether tau or blood-first triage changes the funnel.",
      "refs": [
        "da-remternetug",
        "da-idea-blood-first-triage"
      ],
      "status": "emerging"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "id": "da-idea-inclusive-anti-amyloid-trials",
  "kind": "idea",
  "name": "Antibody trials that enrol mixed and comorbid disease",
  "tldr": "Test amyloid antibodies in the mixed, comorbid people clinics actually see, instead of only in tidy trial cohorts.",
  "summary": "Until that trial exists, labels and MRI rules should stay conservative. This idea is a proposed test, not a reason to ignore exclusions.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "ClinicalTrials.gov",
      "url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "alzheimers-disease",
    "mixed-dementia"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-lecanemab",
    "da-donanemab"
  ],
  "bottlenecks": [
    "da-bn-trial-exclusion"
  ],
  "hypothesis": "A pragmatic trial in people with mixed pathology or common comorbidities can show whether antibody benefit and ARIA risk still justify treatment outside the ...",
  "rationale": "Current phase 3 cohorts are cleaner than clinic. Access decisions still hit mixed disease.",
  "test": "Registry-based randomised or well-controlled observational comparison with ARIA and function as co-primary, stratified by vascular burden and anticoagulation.",
  "maturity": "speculative",
  "actor": "research",
  "cost": "large",
  "horizonYears": 8
}

{
  "id": "da-collection-clinicaltrials",
  "kind": "collection",
  "name": "ClinicalTrials.gov",
  "tldr": "ClinicalTrials.gov is the public US trial registry. A listing is not a recommendation to join a study.",
  "summary": "This atlas links NCT numbers here so readers can check status, sites, and eligibility at the source.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "ClinicalTrials.gov",
      "url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov",
  "holds": "Public registrations of interventional and observational studies, including dementia trials.",
  "license": "Public domain (US government)"
}

{
  "id": "alois-alzheimer",
  "kind": "person",
  "name": "Alois Alzheimer",
  "tldr": "Alois Alzheimer was a physician whose 1906 case description is why Alzheimer’s disease has that name. This is a historical biography, not a doctor to contact.",
  "summary": "Public encyclopedic biography only. Dementia Atlas does not list living clinicians as a referral directory.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Alzheimer",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "Wikipedia",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Alzheimer"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "alzheimers-disease"
  ],
  "role": "Physician who described the disease later named after him (historical figure, 1864-1915)",
  "specialisms": [
    "history of medicine"
  ]
}

{
  "id": "da-bn-subtype-misclassification",
  "kind": "bottleneck",
  "name": "Wrong-subtype treatment",
  "tldr": "Lewy body, vascular, and frontotemporal dementia are still treated as if they were typical Alzheimer’s disease, which can add harm.",
  "summary": "Antipsychotics in Lewy body disease, antibodies without amyloid confirmation, and cholinesterase inhibitors pushed in FTD are examples of map failures, not j...",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "NICE NG97",
      "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "dementia-with-lewy-bodies",
    "frontotemporal-dementia",
    "vascular-dementia"
  ],
  "stage": "biology",
  "severity": "major",
  "causes": [
    "Overlapping symptoms.",
    "Limited access to specialist assessment.",
    "Trial evidence dominated by Alzheimer’s disease."
  ],
  "currentEfforts": [
    "NICE NG97 pathway language.",
    "Lewy body awareness materials."
  ],
  "successLooksLike": "A medicine is offered only when the diagnosis and the label match, or the off-label use is explicit."
}

{
  "id": "da-paper-clarity-ad",
  "kind": "paper",
  "name": "Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease (CLARITY AD)",
  "tldr": "The published CLARITY AD paper reports the phase 3 lecanemab trial in early Alzheimer’s disease. Read the paper and the FDA communication together.",
  "summary": "Randomised, placebo-controlled trial in early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease with confirmed amyloid. ARIA was the principal safety theme. This atlas records...",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "DOI",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2212948"
    },
    {
      "label": "ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03887455",
      "url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03887455"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "cancers": [
    "alzheimers-disease"
  ],
  "drugs": [
    "da-lecanemab"
  ],
  "trials": [
    "da-trial-clarity-ad"
  ],
  "journals": [
    "da-journal-nejm"
  ],
  "journal": "New England Journal of Medicine",
  "year": 2023,
  "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2212948",
  "authors": "van Dyck CH, et al.",
  "paperType": "rct",
  "findings": [
    "Primary clinical endpoint favoured lecanemab versus placebo in the enrolled population.",
    "ARIA occurred, more often in ApoE ε4 carriers."
  ],
  "whatItMeans": "This is the main published efficacy trial behind the US traditional approval of lecanemab. A mean scale change is not a promise for one person.",
  "caveats": [
    "Trial cohorts are not the same as mixed-pathology clinic populations.",
    "Individual benefit cannot be read from a group mean."
  ]
}

{
  "id": "da-journal-nejm",
  "kind": "journal",
  "name": "New England Journal of Medicine",
  "tldr": "A general medical journal. CLARITY AD was published here. Listing the journal is not an endorsement of every paper it carries.",
  "summary": "Used so the graph can point from the CLARITY AD paper to its venue.",
  "asOf": "2026-09-21",
  "links": [
    {
      "label": "NEJM",
      "url": "https://www.nejm.org/"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "dementia-atlas"
  ],
  "publisher": "Massachusetts Medical Society",
  "url": "https://www.nejm.org/",
  "scope": "General medicine, including pivotal clinical trials",
  "access": "hybrid",
  "matchNames": [
    "N Engl J Med",
    "New England Journal of Medicine",
    "NEJM"
  ]
}